28. Implement strStr()

Description

Implement strStr().

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstring/strstr/
Return the index of the first occurrence of needle in haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.

Example 1:

Input: haystack = "hello", needle = "ll"
Output: 2

Example 2:

Input: haystack = "aaaaa", needle = "bba"
Output: -1

Clarification:

What should we return when needle is an empty string? This is a great question to ask during an interview.

For the purpose of this problem, we will return 0 when needle is an empty string. This is consistent to C’s strstr() and Java’s indexOf().

Idea

KMP

Solution

void GetNext(char*, int*);
int strStr(char* s, char* p) {
    int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	int sLen = strlen(s);
	int pLen = strlen(p);
    int *next = (int*)malloc(pLen * sizeof(int));
    GetNext(p, next);
	while (i < sLen && j < pLen)
	{
		//①如果j = -1，或者当前字符匹配成功（即S[i] == P[j]），都令i++，j++    
		if (j == -1 || s[i] == p[j])
		{
			i++;
			j++;
		}
		else
		{
			//②如果j != -1，且当前字符匹配失败（即S[i] != P[j]），则令 i 不变，j = next[j]    
			//next[j]即为j所对应的next值      
			j = next[j];
		}
	}
	if (j == pLen)
		return i - j;
	else
		return -1;
}

void GetNext(char* p,int* next)
{
	int pLen = strlen(p);
	next[0] = -1;
	int k = -1;
	int j = 0;
	while (j < pLen - 1)
	{
		//p[k]表示前缀，p[j]表示后缀
		if (k == -1 || p[j] == p[k]) 
		{
			++k;
			++j;
			next[j] = k;
		}
		else 
		{
			k = next[k];
		}
	}
}